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What Causes Non-Pathological Head Noise?

Pathology implies a diseased condition. Apart from pathological causes tinnitus can also occur due to several non-pathological causes such as the following:

1. Toxic substances such as mercury, antibiotics, aspirin, cisplatin etc. can cause tinnitus.

2. Noise-induced hearing loss is often accompanied by hyperacusis, which is a reduced tolerance to noise. Acoustic trauma can destroy the hair cells in the cochlea and the neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus and the acoustic nerve. It is believed that the automatic repair process in these nerves is the primary cause of chronic tinnitus.

3. Temporomandibular joint syndrome and whiplash can also cause tinnitus.

4. Neck injury and electrocution that is caused by a direct and blunt neck trauma can trigger tinnitus.

5. Due to aging, the cells that secrete the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine are lost. Glycine carries the inhibitory signal from one neuron to the next. When glycine-carrying nerve fibers are lost due to old age the inhibitory signal is also lost and some other neurons begin to fire spontaneously leading to tinnitus.

6. Dental problems such as an injury of the nerves during the process of extraction of a wisdom tooth have also been reported to cause tinnitus.

7. Ear-related problems such as ear wax impaction and conductive deafness that is caused by the perforation of eardrum can lead to tinnitus.

8. In around 80% of the tinnitus sufferers muscle spasms in the neck or head are the causal factor.

9. If syphilis is left untreated then it can also cause a fluctuating hearing loss and tinnitus. Migraines and sinus infections are also associated with tinnitus sometimes. Inflammation of the Eustachian tube can also produce tinnitus.

In all of these non-pathological causes of tinnitus the process usually starts with some injury in the ear. Later on, the brainstem gets involved and tinnitus is produced. Conventional medical thinking had suggested that tinnitus arises due to an injury to the middle ear or the vestibulocochlear nerve and hence is difficult to treat.

However, today the researchers have realized that rewiring of an area in the brainstem known as the dorsal cochlear nucleus plays a significant role in tinnitus. Recent breakthroughs based on this theory have lead to effective forms of treatment.

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